2020 Prompt - Covid Wedding - Carrie Koppelman

 

52 Ancestors

Prompt - Covid Wedding

June 27, 2020

June  27, 2020

As we moved through the Covid 19 Pandemic, I was able to reflect on what is important about family. Yes, we are all different as individuals and as family units, but family is family.  Despite all the differences, we do miss each other after an extended period. Living in isolation was difficult enough but to plan a wedding for the summer of 2020 was challenging.  That was just what my husband's niece had to do.

 

After plan A, plan B and plan C, our niece was able to marry her handsome Dutchman on June 27, 2020, smack dab in the middle of the pandemic! With only her immediate family they married and celebrated at the church. It was not the wedding the bride had dreamed of having that summer. The bride insisted that a reception would be held a year later in the summer of 2021 when they could celebrate their marriage with extended family and friends. Little did the bride know that this was just the event the extended family and friends needed after a pandemic. It was an event where family came together and celebrated FAMILY!

 

It really was a splendid idea! This bride is the youngest girl of six siblings and had experienced all her siblings and many cousins’ weddings over the past 30 years. She knew the joy of family. She loved her parents, siblings, twelve nieces and nephews and her many aunts, uncles and cousins and realized the importance of celebrating her marriage with the man of her dreams with her family. This bride knew that to share a meal and to dance with joyful music was important. 

 

  Bride & Groom with their Nieces and Nephews

June 27, 2020

A year later with more planning and adjusting this beautiful bride pulled off a renewal of vows and a reception with all her family and friends. To experience a family event that includes multi-generations of family and friends is a great idea. As families we are spreading out across the country and too often get isolated from one another. A family event where 3-4 generations of family and friends engage was just what was needed after being separated for 18 months. The joy of being together was a delightful experience.

Bride & Groom Leaving the Church

 Renewal of Vows  June 26, 2021 

As one of the older members of the family, I have attended many weddings of family and friends over the past 70 some years. Many were big expensive weddings with fancy dresses, big wedding cakes, and expensive flowers and meals. The pandemic made many of us realize that this is not what is important. Weddings are about sharing the love of the marriage and creating memories of family. 

 Bride & Groom Dancing at Celebration Reception

 

Our memories will be of the beautiful bride and groom looking at each other as they renew their vows in front of all their family and friends with the sweet sounds of family babies and small children in the background. We will all remember how warm and muggy the evening was as we shared a meal with the couple and then got out of our seats after the meal to find a breeze outside on a beautiful night in June to talk and visit with family and friends we had not seen in so long. 

We will remember the bride dancing with her husband of one year and then dancing with her father who looked so proud of his daughter. The bride doing the traditional polka with her family, the line dancing, the groom and his friends getting down to the music and the bride dancing with her beloved nieces, nephews and little cousins who looked at her in full adoration. And the couples dance, that the bride insisted had to be done, to discover the couple who had been married the longest. 

Bride & Father Dance

 

Any event that pulls family together is a great idea. This bride did just that. She persisted to celebrate with as many family members and friends as possible. Intergenerational events are not as common as they use to be and to see the bride's newest niece born less than two weeks ago along with many mothers with their preschoolers entertained by playing in the icy water in the ice chest to seniors maneuvering their walkers was an amazing event. The bride and groom celebrated a year of marriage with family.

 

Bride Dancing with Nieces, Nephews and Cousins

Congratulations to the beautiful bride and her very handsome Dutchman! It was well worth all her hard work and persistence. God has a way of putting hurdles in front of us and as we struggle to get over them, we realize what is important in life.

Bride and Groom 

Leaving the Church after Renewal of their Vows

June 26, 2021

 Faith - Hope - Love…But the greatest of these is LOVE!

I Corinthians 13

              

2021 Prompt - Civil War Ancestor - Jacob Wilcox

                                                                  

Jacob Wilcox

1st Michigan Cavalry

My Great-Great Grandfather                        

 

Nancy Simmons - 1947

    Josephine Martin - 1923-2006

Edward Jacob Martin - 1895-1966

Nina Pearl Wilcox - 1866-1944

Jacob Wilcox - 1835-1901

Jacob Wilcox and his Grand Army of the Republic medal

 

THE MYSTERY! So where did my great-great-grandfather, Jacob Wilcox, come from?  I know his birth date, marriage and death date. I know about his life after he married Margaret Smith in 1860. But his life before he married is shrouded in mystery. 

 

Jacob Wilcox Enlistment

According to his Civil War military records he was born February 3,1835 in Onondaga County, New York.[1] In the 1850 federal census he is listed as a sixteen-year-old, farm laborer, living with Oliver Frink and Oliver's two sons and daughter in Dundee township, Monroe County, Michigan.[2] Where are his parents? When and why did he leave New York and move to Michigan?  I have searched for his parents for over 40 years with little success.  On Jacob's death certificate his son states his father's name is Isaac Wilcox.[3] 

                           

Jacob Wilcox - Death Certificate

 

In the 1860 census Jacob is nowhere to be found!  Where is he?  Who is he living with at that time?  Two years later according to a marriage certificate in the Wilcox Bible owned by Jacob's daughter Nina, he married on July 5,1862 to Margaret Smith in Dundee, Monroe County, Michigan.[4] I have a photo of Jacob and Margaret I believe was taken when they traveled back to New York shortly after they were married. The photograph was taken by a studio in Wolcott, New York about 20 miles east of Victory where Margaret's family lived in Cayuga County.  Cayuga County is west of Onondaga County where according to Jacob's Civil War record is where he was born.

A year after Jacob married on July 5, 1863, Jacob and Margaret's first child, Hubbard Wilcox, was born in Dundee, Michigan. Then in the summer of 1864, President Abraham Lincoln made a request for men to enlist and on August 27,1864 Jacob answers the call.  He musters in at Grosse Point, Michigan in the First Cavalry of Michigan.[5] Below is a photo of Margaret and Hubbard that was probably taken as Jacob left for the military.

  

Margaret Ann (Smith) Wilcox and son Hubbard 1864

The fact that Jacob enlisted in the Civil war and was injured in the Battle of Cedar Creek in Virginia enabled me to find many documents about Jacob after the war.

Jacob Wilcox - pension paper -
wounded at the battle of Cedar Creek, VA

 

On October 19, 1864, Jacob is injured at the Battle of Cedar Creek and transported to a hospital in Maryland.[6] On the 30 May 1865 Jacob mustered out of military service and returned home to Dundee, Michigan.

 

Jacob Wilcox - Pension papers
path of ballistic injury

 

The following year on September 5,1865 Jacob applies for an Invalid Civil War pension. For the next 36 years Jacob continues to prove that his battle injury created long-term health problems for him.

 

Jacob and his wife, Margaret, live the next 20 years on a farm a couple miles north of Dundee on land he purchased from his brother-in-law, Daniel Smith. They add six more children to their family: Nina Pearl born Nov 22, 1866, Theressa born Sep 24, 1870, Isaac Newton born Dec 24, 1873, Eunice born Jul 8, 1875, Harry Ellsworth born Dec 19, 1877, and Blanche L. born Sep 15,1881.[7]

                       

Wilcox Siblings: Theressa, Isaac, Nina, Hubbard, Blanche and Harry

In 1885, Jacob loses the family farm during the 1882-1885 depression and Jacob and Margaret move their family into the village of Dundee. In 1900 federal census Jacob is listed as 66 years old, he is a widower, works as a carpenter and is living with his 19-year-old daughter, Blanche.[8] Jacob’s wife, Margaret Ann, died January 25,1900 at the age of 59 and Jacob died June 23,1901 at the age of 67.[9] Both Jacob and Margaret are buried in the Azalia Methodist Church Cemetery in Azalia, Michigan. 

Jacob and Margaret Ann (Smith) 
Taken in Wolcott, New York summer 1862

---

[1] Jacob Wilcox (Pvt, Co. E, 1st Mich. Cav, Civil War), pension no.89.117, Case Files of Approved Pension Applications…., 1861-1934; Civil War and Later Pension Files, Department of Veteran Affairs, Record Group 15; National Archives, Washington, D.C.

[2] 1850 U.S. census, Monroe County, Michigan, population schedule, Milan, Monroe, Michigan, page 381B, (Ancestry: accessed 31 May 2021)

[3] Michigan, Death Records, 1867-1950, Ancestry; accessed 31 May 2021.

[4] Wilcox, Nina Martin, Wilcox Family Bible, The Holy Bible, (Toledo, Ohio, W.E. Bliss), marriage record Jacob Wilcox and Margaret Ann Smith, privately held by Nancy Simmons Roberson.

[5] Volunteer Enlistment State of Michigan, Form 86 Military Service Records, National Archives, Washington, DC

 

[6] Jacob Wilcox (Pvt, Co. E, 1st Mich. Cav, Civil War), pension no.89.117, Case Files of Approved Pension Applications…., 1861-1934; Civil War and Later Pension Files, Department of Veteran Affairs, Record Group 15; National Archives, Washington, D.C.

[7] Wilcox, Nina Martin, Wilcox Family Bible, The Holy Bible, (Toledo, Ohio, W.E. Bliss), marriage record Jacob Wilcox and Margaret Ann Smith, privately held by Nancy Simmons Roberson.

[8] 1900 U.S. census, Monroe County, Michigan, population schedule, Dundee, Monroe, Michigan, ED 67, page 1A.

[9] Michigan, Death Records, 1867-1950, Ancestry; accessed 31 May 2021.

2021 Prompt - German Ancestor - Elisabetha Lautenschläger

Ancestor - Elisabetha Lautenschläger  1650-1721

My 7th great grandmother                        

 

Nancy Simmons - 1947

    Paul Simmons - 1925-1999

        Walter Simmons - 1902-1931

            Andrew Simmons – 1866-1944

                Phebe Rexroad - 1833-1904

                    John Rexroad - 1790-1867

                        Johann George Rexroad - 1754-1834

                            Johann Zacharias Rexroad  - 1725-1799

                                Johann Balthasar Rexroth - 1673-1734

                                        Elisabetha Lautenschläger – 1650-1721

 

 

 

March is Women's History month and lately I have been researching German women on my father's ancestral line. I am sharing the story of my German 7th great grandmother, Elisabetha Lautenschläger 1650-1721 living in the 17th century Deutschland (Germany).

 

Pendleton County, West Virginia (Virginia)

My father's family is loaded with German ancestors that I have researched back to the mid-1700s in Pendleton County, Virginia, now West Virginia. But recently, I have been researching my German ancestors back to their home villages in Deutschland. Germans immigrated in two waves to America. The first wave immigrated from 1720 to1775 and most Germans in the first wave immigrated through the port of Philadelphia. Elisabetha Lautenschläger's grandson, Zacharias Rexroth (misspelled Erdroth) immigrated in 1749 on the ship Albany through the port of Philadelphia. [1]

Immigration list from Pennsylvania German Pioneers Vol I, page 395

It was while I was looking in a Rexroad family book, Johann Zacharias Rexroth, written by cousin William D. Rexroad that I discovered Zacharias' grandmother, my 7th great grandmother, Elisabetha Lautenschläger.[2] Recently I found a German family book, Hessisches Geschlechterbuch, Vol 94, that contained the ancestry of the Rexroth family.  Here I found Elisabetha Lautenschläger married to Barthel Rexroth as his second wife. Elisabetha Lautenschläger was born June 16, 1650 in Güttersbach and on June 20, 1671 she married Barthel Rexroth in Erbach. She died  Sept 17, 1721 in Erbach.[3] There is little documentation about Elisabetha other than her baptism, marriage and death record. But it can be very interesting to study the region and the timeframe that she lived in the 17^th century.

 

Deutsches Geschlechterbuch bürgerlich Bd 94
Koerner, Bernard. 1937. Hessisches Geschlechterbuch 9 9. Gorlitz: Starke

The Thirty Years' War was a conflict fought in what is now modern Germany and Central Europe from 1618 to 1648. Elisabetha was born as the Thirty Years’ War had just ended. Elisabetha's parents had survived the conflict and married in 1643 as the fighting in Germany ended with the 1648 Peace of Westphalia.[4] Their survival is amazing since estimates of deaths range from 4.5 to 8 million, mostly from disease and starvation. The results of the Peace of Westphalia broke the power of the Holy Roman Empire[5] and the German states were able to determine the religion of their lands and practice their faith without fear of losing their lives. The Rexroth and Lautenschläger families practiced the protestant Lutheran faith.

The Thirty Years War occurred from 1618-1648
httpswww.albert.ioblogthirty-years-war-ap-european-history-crash-course

Güttersbach was a small village with a protestant church that Elisabethe’s family must have attended. The church is the oldest church in southern Odenwaldkreis as it is mentioned as a parish church as early as 1290 as a Catholic parish.[6] Oldenwald is a district in southern Hesse located in the Oldenwald Mountains. 

Oldenwald Mountains in Oldenwald District, Hesse

Elisabetha was baptized at the Lutheran church in Guttersbach but she was married in the nearby Lutheran church in Erbach.  The oldest mention of Erbach can be found in the Lorsch Codex under the name “Ertbach”.[7] The Lorsch Codex is an important historical document created between about 1175 to 1195 AD in the Monastery of Saint Nazarius in Lorsch, Germany.  The village of Erbach was surrounded by a city wall and since then is the residence of the Counts of Erbach-Erbach.

 

 

Elisabetha's mother was Anna, and unfortunately, like so many women you research due to a lack of documents, has an unknown maiden name. Anna married Hans Lautenschlägerin in 1643[8]  Both Elisabetha's mother and father were born, married, and died in Güttersbach, Odenwaldkreis, Hesse, Germany.[9]  

 

Guttersbach Evangelical Church, Guttersbach, Odenwald, Germany

Elisabetha's grandmother was Apollonia, maiden name unknown, born about 1579 married Wilhelm Lautenschäger on May 18, 1614 in Güttersbach.[10]  She was the second wife married to Wilhelm. Wilhelm is quite the interesting guy and was known as the "Wizard of Guttersbach" and was put on trial in 1628 and confined to the tower.  We will leave him for another story!

The Thirty Years War had ended shortly before Elisabetha was born but the aftershocks were very destructive to life in Erbach and the many German states for almost a century. The war left German states with  a huge decrease in population, agricultural devastation and ruined German commerce and industry. After Elisabetha's marriage in 1671 she had 12 children in the next 23 years from 1672-1694 with only five of those children reaching adulthood. Since famine and disease were very prevalent during this time it would have been hard not to lose children. We know her husband, Barthel Rexroth, was a blacksmith but with such post war devastation and lack of commerce life certainly had to be difficult to make a living. Barthel died in 1694 at the age of 49 years. Barthel and Elisabetha's son, Johann Balthasar Rexroth, my 6th great grandfather, was born June 11, 1673 and married in June 1710 in Erbach. Eleven years later his mother, Elisabetha, died in 1721 at the age of 71 years. This is an amazing age for this time period.

Barthasar Rexroth and his wife, Lowisa, had seven children with the youngest being Zacharias Rexroth, my 5th great grandfather, who was born four years after his grandmother, Elisabetha, had passed away.  Zachariah immigrated to America in 1749 at the age of 24 as a blacksmith with two of his grandmother's relatives, Adam and Philip Lautenschläger, on board the ship Albany. When he immigrated it had been 99 years since his grandmother, Elisabetha, had been born. Zach's father, grandfather, and three brothers Jakob, Michael, and Georg, were all blacksmiths, the latter two attaining the status of Schmiedmeister (master smith) in Erbach. Zach certainly knew the trade when he arrived in America. 

With his family legacy of hard work, difficult accomplishments, strong religious beliefs, actions, and guidance, Zachariah lived out the next 50 years of his life in Pendleton County, West Virginia where his great granddaughter Phebe Rexroad was born in 1833. Phebe married Aaron Simmons in 1859 in Ritchie County, West Virginia. From there the legacy continued forward four more generations to 1947 when Phebe's great great granddaughter, Nancy Simmons, was born. I treasurer the legacy passed down from my 7th great grandmother, Elisabetha Lautenschläger.

 

 

Zachariah Rexroad born 1725 in Erbach, Germany
Buried 1799 in Pendleton County, West Virginia
Grandson of Elisabetha Lautenschläger

 

---

[1] Strassburger, Ralph B. & William Hinke, Pennslyvania German Pioneers, Vol 1, pp. 394-395

[2] Rexroad, Wm D., Johann Zacharias Rexroad The Pioneer, 2004, page 11.

[3]Genealogy.net, Online local family books, Elisabetha Lautenschläger , https://www.online-ofb.de/famreport.php?ofb=erbach&ID=16061650L&nachname=Lautenschl%C3%A4ger&modus=&lang=de

[4] Wikipedia, Thirty Years War, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War.x cs

[5] Peace of Westphalia, European history, https://www.britannica.com/event/Peace-of-Westphalia#ref7889

[6] Evangelical Parish Church (Güttersbach),  // http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelische_Pfarrkirche_(G%C3%BCttersbach)

[7] Erbach (Odenbach) https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erbach_(Odenwald)

[8] HansLautenschläger,https://ofb.genealogy.net/famreport.php?ofb=erbach&ID=11061615L&nachname=Lautenschl%C3%A4ger&modus=&lang=de

[9] Ibid, Hans Lautenschläger

[10] Wilhelm Lautenschläger, https://ofb.genealogy.net/famreport.php?ofb=erbach&ID=00011560L&nachname=Lautenschl%C3%A4ger&lang=de

 

 

2021 - German Immigrant - John Lemley

                                                                            

JOHANNES LEMLEY 1720-1784 

 

Nancy Simmons

Paul Simmons - father

June Putman - grandmother

Cora Wilson - great-grandmother

Catherine Deck - 2x great grandmother

Jacob Deck - 3x great grandfather

Elizabeth Huffman - 4x great grandmother

Catherine Lemley - 5x grandmother  

JOHANNES LEMLEY - 6x great grandfather

 

 

Many of us have German ancestry. It is one of the largest strands of European ethnicity in people of the United States. My Ancestry DNA test revealed I am 14% Germanic but in a range that could possibly extend to 29%.  My personal research reveals I am 19% German. My German ancestors all descend from my father's side of the family. Both his mother’s and his father’s families have German ancestry.

 

My Ancestry DNA estimated ethnicity - 14% German

Germans have immigrated to America since the settlement of Jamestown but there are two definite waves of German immigration. The first wave stretches from the early 1700s to the Revolutionary War. These Germans came from the Rhine Valley area of Europe. German refugees traveled north up the Rhine to Rotterdam to board ships to England. And from England many were transported to the British colonies. Most of these Germans were of Lutheran or Reformed faith. The second wave of Germans occurred from the 1830s to the 1920s and they were mainly of the Catholic faith coming from eastern European.  My German ancestors all date to the First Wave.

Johannes Lemley lived south of Worms
Traveled up the Rhine River to Rotterdam to Cowes, England 
to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Colony

Some of my German family surnames are Simmons, Rexrodt, Arbogast, Huffman, Deck, Lemley and Odewalt to name just a few. To get to my seminal German immigrants I had to research back to my 5th and 6th grandparents. Researching ancestors who immigrated before the Revolutionary War is not an easy task. Most of these German ancestors were refugees fleeing the area in the Rhine River Valley due to the cruel religious and political wars of Europe. They lost their homes and their land and were victims of hatred due to their religious faith or conflicts of governments. This Rhine Valley was also known as the Palatinate. An estimated 80,000 Palatinates entered America through the port of Philadelphia from 1683-1775. Many of them sought the promise of greater toleration in America, especially in William Penn's "Paradise of Pennsylvania."[1] 

 

Port of Philadelphia about 1750
Johannes Lemley arrived in Philadelphia in 1752

My 6th great grandfather, Johannes (John) Lemley, immigrated in 1752 through the port of Philadelphia.  John was born in Wurttemberg, Germany about 1720.  He and a brother Michael immigrated to America on October 20, 1752 on the ship called the Duke of Wirtemburg.[2] They boarded a ship in Rotterdam and sailed to Cowes, England. There they left for Philadelphia on the ship “The Duke of Wirtemburg” and after 3 weeks they arrived in Philadelphia. Before passengers could disembark, all males over the age of 16 signed an Oath of allegiance to King George the III of Great Britain. Then, if the passengers passed a health exam they could disembark.[3]

 

Johannes Lemle on the passenger list for the ship Duke of Wirtemburg

A year later in 1753 John Lemley was granted several land grants by Sir Thomas Fairfax dated May 26, 1753 for one lot or half acre of land each in the town of Winchester, Frederick County, Virginia where he eventually builds an inn and a blacksmith shop.[4] When a land patent was granted the landowner had to pay annual rent fees and Johannes was obligated to pay 5 schillings each year on the Feast Day of St. Michael.[5] Lord Fairfax also gave a grant to the Germans in Winchester to build a Lutheran Church. The church, which John Lemley was a member, first built a log schoolhouse and not until 1764 was the cornerstone for the first church building laid. John Lemley was one of the founders of the Lutheran Church in Winchester that eventually was called Grace Lutheran Church. In his will he left much of his estate to the church.[6]

 

Land grant to John Lemley from Thomas Lord Fairfax
Lot # 206 in Winchester, Colony of Virginia
15 May 1753

At the same time John Lemley was receiving his land grant and establishing his businesses as an inn keeper and a blacksmith, in Winchester, Virginia, George Washington the young 23-year-old colonel in the British Virginia military was in Winchester organizing the building of Fort Loudoun. Fort Loudoun was a historic fortification used during the French and Indian War. George was responsible for fortifications along the Virginia western settlements from 1748-1758.  John Lemley is mentioned in George Washington’s journal. On October 20, 1755 George gives orders to his commanding officer to halt troops in Winchester and to house the men in the courthouse and James Lemen’s barracks.  James Lemen, a tavern keeper and leading citizen of Winchester, lived near the courthouse.[7]  Orders, 20 October 1755 (archives.gov)  This James Lemen was Johannes Lemley, innkeeper and cooper in Winchester.

 

George Washington's Office 
Winchester, Virginia

I also found John Lemley in the Frederick County court records[8] as a plaintiff seeking reparation for damages. As an owner of an inn that sold liquor in a town on the edge of civilization with many soldiers waiting for orders to march into the wilderness, one can visualize how the damages occurred. In one case the sheriff is told to sell the boots and clothes left in the inn to reimburse John Lemley for damages.

 

Order that the Sheriff of Winchester sell one great coat, pair of boots, and one gun belonging to the defendant, Daniel Stephens, totally a sum of six pounds four schillings and seven pence. The sum to be paid to the plaintiff, John Lemley, to cover his loss due to the debt of the defendant.

 

According to some researchers John's wife was Catherine, but in his will, he addresses her as his wife. The will dated August 26, 1784,[9] stated that he bequest his wife the house with all his furniture, his land, and his tenements. He gives George Lemley fifty pounds, and his clock, he gives Michael Huffman, son in law, married to his daughter Catherine, my direct descendant fifty pounds and his still, (more evidence of John serving liquor) and gives John Kerns, son of Adam Kerns 12 pounds.  I still do not know the relationship if any of John Lemley to John and Adam Kerns. John tasked his executors to sell the rest of his worldly possessions and give the money to the Lutheran Church in Winchester.  The will is probate November 4, 1784,[10] so John had to have died sometime after he signed his will on August 26 and before the will was probated on November 4th.

First page of the Will of John Lemley, Frederick County, VA 1784

Joh Lemley's bequest and gift to the Lutheran Church in Winchester

 

As I research my families, I always hope to find someone notorious but in most cases I find I am related to only plain regular folks. Johannes (John) Lemley was not famous but he is one of my German ancestors who left Germany in 1752 and immigrated to the British colony of Pennsylvania. He moved to Winchester in the Virginia colony and there on the outskirts of civilization he settled and lived out his life. He probably saw or even talked to the soon to be famous young British colonel, George Washington, who was trying to protect settlers from the ravages of the French and Indian war fought from 1754-1763. Johannes Lemley died in the fall of 1784, and there is no record of his burial, but he was probably buried in the graveyard of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Winchester, Virginia.

The Evangelical Lutheran Church cemetery in Winchester, Virginia  
Stone wall is remnant of original church built in 1764

---

[1] Wokeck, Marianne S., Trade in Strangers: The Beginnings of Mass Migration to North America, Philadelphia: The Pennsylvania State University, 1999, page 44.

[2] Strassburger, Ralph Beaver & William John Hinkle, Pennsylvania German Pioneers: A Publication of the Original Lists of Arrivals in the Port of Philadelphia from 1727 to 1808, Vol 1, page 498, Camden, Missouri: Picton Press, ©1992.

[3] Ibid, page 497

[4] Virginia Land Patents and Grants, The Library of Virginia, digital image 295_0056

[5] Ibid

[6] Eisenberg, William Edward, This Heritage, Winchester, VA: The Trustees of Grace Evangelical Lutheran Church; 1954, page 292.

[7] “Orders, 20 October 1755,” Founders Online, National Archives, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/02-02-02-0127, [Original source: The Papers of George Washington, Colonial Series, vol. 2, 14 August 1755 – 15 April 1756, ed. W. W. Abbot. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1983, p. 130.]

[8] FamilySearch, film #8141184, Frederick Co VA Order Books, Vol 9, 1760-1762, page 356, image 662, https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSKH-ZBLZ?i=661&cat=400321

[9] FamilySearch, film # 007644644, Frederick Co VA Will Book 5, pages 61-64https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QS7-99PC-KXP?i=426&cat=416730

[10]  Ibid, page 64